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''Fraxinus'' ,〔''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607〕 English name Ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae. It contains 45–65 species of usually medium to large trees, mostly deciduous though a few subtropical species are evergreen. The genus is widespread across much of Europe, Asia and North America.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, Frassino, ''Fraxinus'' )〕〔(Flora of China v 15 p 273, 衿属 qin shu, ''Fraxinus'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1057. 1753. )〕〔Philips, Roger (1979). (''Trees of North America and Europe: A Guide to Field Identification, Revised and Updated'' ). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-50259-0. .〕〔(US Department of Agriculture Plants Profile, genus ''Fraxinus'' )〕 The tree's common English name, "ash", goes back to the Old English ''æsc'', while the generic name originated in Latin. Both words also mean "spear" in their respective languages. The leaves are opposite (rarely in whorls of three), and mostly pinnately compound, simple in a few species. The seeds, popularly known as "keys" or "helicopter seeds", are a type of fruit known as a samara. Most ''Fraxinus'' species are dioecious, having male and female flowers on separate plants;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Monoecious and dioecious plants )〕 if grown as an ornamental and both sexes are present, ashes can cause a considerable litter problem with their seeds. Rowans or mountain ashes have leaves and buds superficially similar to those of true ashes but belong to the unrelated genus ''Sorbus'' in the rose family. ==Selected species== Species are organized according to phylogenetic analysis.〔http://www.oleaceae.info/publications/Wallander2008.pdf〕〔http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0080431#references〕 ; Section ''Dipetalae'' * ''Fraxinus dipetala'' Hook. & Arn. – California ash or two-petal ash * ''Fraxinus anomala'' Torr. ex S.Watson – singleleaf ash * ''Fraxinus quadrangulata'' Michx. – blue ash * ''Fraxinus lowellii'' – Lowell ash * ''Fraxinus trifoliata'' ; Section ''Melioides'' sensu lato * ''Fraxinus chiisanensis'' * ''Fraxinus cuspidata'' Torr. – fragrant ash * ''Fraxinus platypoda'' * ''Fraxinus spaethiana'' Lingelsh. – Späth's ash ; Section ''Melioides'' sensu stricto * ''Fraxinus uhdei'' (Wenz.) Lingelsh. – Shamel ash or tropical ash * ''Fraxinus latifolia'' Benth. – Oregon ash * ''Fraxinus papillosa'' Lingelsh. – Chihuahua ash * ''Fraxinus americana'' L. – white ash * ''Fraxinus profunda'' (Bush) Bush – pumpkin ash * ''Fraxinus pennsylvanica'' Marshall green ash * ''Fraxinus velutina'' Torr. – velvet ash or Arizona ash * ''Fraxinus berlandieriana'' DC. – Mexican ash * ''Fraxinus caroliniana'' Mill. – Carolina ash * ''Fraxinus texensis'' (A.Gray) Sarg. – Texas ash ; Section ''Pauciflorae'' * ''Fraxinus greggii'' A.Gray – Gregg's ash * ''Fraxinus purpusii'' * ''Fraxinus gooddingii'' – Goodding's ash * ''Fraxinus rufescens'' * ''Fraxinus dubia'' ; Section ''Sciadanuthus'' * ''Fraxinus hubeiensis'' Ch'u & Shang & Su – 湖北梣 hu bei qin * ''Fraxinus xanthoxyloides'' (G.Don) Wall. ex DC. – Afghan Ash * ''Fraxinus dimorpha'' ; Section ''Fraxinus'' * ''Fraxinus nigra'' Marshall – black ash * ''Fraxinus mandschurica'' Rupr. – Manchurian ash * ''Fraxinus holotricha'' Koehne * ''Fraxinus angustifolia'' Vahl – narrow-leafed ash * * ''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''oxycarpa'' – Caucasian ash * * * Claret ash or raywood ash * * ''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''syriaca'' * ''Fraxinus excelsior'' L. – European ash * ''Fraxinus pallisiae'' Wilmott – Pallis' ash * ''Fraxinus sogdiana Bge'' ; Section ''Ornus'' * ''Fraxinus griffithii'' C.B.Clarke – Griffith's ash * ''Fraxinus micrantha'' Lingelsh. * ''Fraxinus chinensis'' Roxb. – Chinese ash or Korean ash * ''Fraxinus japonica'' – Japanese ash * ''Fraxinus longicuspis'' * ''Fraxinus floribunda'' Wall. – Himalayan manna ash * ''Fraxinus ornus'' L. – manna ash or flowering ash * ''Fraxinus bungeana'' DC. – Bunge's ash * ''Fraxinus paxiana'' Lingelsh. * ''Fraxinus sieboldiana'' Blume – Japanese flowering ash * ''Fraxinus lanuginosa'' * ''Fraxinus malacophylla'' * ''Fraxinus apertisquamifera'' * ''Fraxinus baroniana'' File:EurAshSeeds.jpg|Closeup of European ash seeds File:Fraxinus ornus JPG1b.jpg|''Fraxinus ornus'' File:Treelets on fallen Ash tree.JPG|Unusual "treelets" growing from a fallen ash tree in Lawthorn wood, Ayrshire, Scotland 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fraxinus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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